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Robert Graves
Robert von Ranke Graves (also known as Robert Ranke Graves and most commonly Robert Graves) (24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985) was an English poet, novelist, critic and classicist. During his long life he produced more than 140 works. Graves's poems—together with his translations and innovative analysis and interpretations of the Greek myths; his memoir of his early life, including his role in the First World War, ''Good-Bye to All That''; and his speculative study of poetic inspiration, ''The White Goddess''—have never been out of print.〔() Review of ''The White Goddess -- A Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth'' outlining different editions〕
He earned his living from writing, particularly popular historical novels such as ''I, Claudius'', ''King Jesus'', ''The Golden Fleece'' and ''Count Belisarius''. He also was a prominent translator of Classical Latin and Ancient Greek texts; his versions of ''The Twelve Caesars'' and ''The Golden Ass'' remain popular, for their clarity and entertaining style. Graves was awarded the 1934 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for both ''I, Claudius'' and ''Claudius the God''.〔James Tait Black Prize winners: (Previous winners – fiction )〕
==Early life==
Graves was born into a middle-class family in Wimbledon, then part of Surrey, now part of London. He was the third of five children born to Alfred Perceval Graves (1846–1931), an Anglo-Irish school inspector, Gaelic scholar and the author of the popular song "Father O'Flynn", and his second wife, Amalie von Ranke (1857–1951). Graves's mother was from a recently ennobled German family, the eldest daughter of Heinrich von Ranke, a professor of medicine at the University of Munich, and his wife, Luise Tiarks. She was also a greatniece of the German historian Leopold von Ranke.
At the age of seven, double pneumonia following measles almost took Graves's life, the first of three occasions when he was despaired of by his doctors as a result of afflictions of the lungs, the second being the result of a war-wound (see below) and the third when he contracted Spanish influenza in late 1918, immediately before demobilisation.〔Graves (1960) p. 234.〕 At school, Graves was enrolled as Robert von Ranke Graves and in Germany his books are published under that name but before and during the First World War, the name caused him difficulties. In August 1916 an officer who disliked him spread the rumour that he was a spy; a brother to a captured German spy who had coincidentally taken the name Carl Graves.〔Graves (1960) p. 172.〕 The problem resurfaced in a minor way in the Second World War, when a suspicious rural policeman blocked his appointment to the Special Constabulary.〔Graves (1960) p. 281.〕 Graves's eldest half-brother, Philip Perceval Graves, achieved note as a journalist and his younger brother, Charles Patrick Graves, was a writer and journalist.〔Richard Perceval Graves, "Graves, Robert von Ranke (1895–1985)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, September 2004; online ed., May 2010 — (accessed 27 July 2010 )〕
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